Capacity Dimensioning for Wireless Communications System

Non

Identification and profiling of microRNA between back and belly Skin in Rex rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

[EN] Skin is an important trait for Rex rabbits and skin development is influenced by many processes, including hair follicle cycling, keratinocyte differentiation and formation of coat colour and skin morphogenesis. We identified differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) between the back and belly skin in Rex rabbits. In total, 211 miRNAs (90 upregulated miRNAs and 121 downregulated miRNAs) were identified with a |log2 (fold change)|>1 and P-value<0.05. Using target gene prediction for the miRNAs, differentially expressed predicted target genes were identified and the functional enrichment and signalling pathways of these target genes were processed to reveal their biological functions. A number of differentially expressed miRNAs were found to be involved in regulation of the cell cycle, skin epithelium differentiation, keratinocyte proliferation, hair follicle development and melanogenesis. In addition, target genes regulated by miRNAs play key roles in the activities of the Hedgehog signalling pathway, Wnt signalling pathway, Osteoclast differentiation and MAPK pathway, revealing mechanisms of skin development. Nine candidate miRNAs and 5 predicted target genes were selected for verification of their expression by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. A regulation network of miRNA and their target genes was constructed by analysing the GO enrichment and signalling pathways. Further studies should be carried out to validate the regulatory relationships between candidate miRNAs and their target genes.This study was supported by the Modern Agricultural Industrial System Special Funding (CARS-44-A-1), the Priority Academic Programme Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (2014-134) and the General Programme of Natural Science Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province (16KJB230001).Zhao, B.; Chen, Y.; Mu, L.; Hu, S.; Wu, X. (2018). Identification and profiling of microRNA between back and belly Skin in Rex rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). World Rabbit Science. 26(2):179-190. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2018.7058SWORD179190262Adamidi C. 2008. Discovering microRNAs from deep sequencing data using miRDeep. Nature Biotechnol., 26: 407-415. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt1394Adijanto J., Castorino J.J., Wang Z.X., Maminishkis A., Grunwald G.B., Philp N.J. 2012. Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) promotes differentiation of human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) by regulating microRNAs-204/211 expression. J. Biol. Chem., 287: 20491-https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M112.354761Ahmed M.I., Alam M., Emelianov V.U., Poterlowicz K., Patel A., Sharov A.A., Mardaryev A.N., Botchkareva N.V. 2014. MicroRNA-214 controls skin and hair follicle development by modulating the activity of the Wnt pathway. J. Cell Biol., 207: 549-567. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201404001Alexander M., Kawahara G., Motohashi N., Casar J., Eisenberg I., Myers J., Gasperini M., Estrella E., Kho A., Mitsuhashi S. 2013. MicroRNA-199a is induced in dystrophic muscle and affects WNT signaling, cell proliferation, and myogenic differentiation. Cell Death Diff., 20: 1194-1208. https://doi.org/10.1038/cdd.2013.62Anders S. 2010. Analysing RNA-Seq data with the DESeq package. Mol. Biol., 43: 1-17.Andl T., Botchkareva N.V. 2015. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in the control of HF development and cycling: the next frontiers in hair research. Exp. Dermatol., 24: 821-826. https://doi.org/10.1111/exd.12785Andl T., Reddy S.T., Gaddapara T., Millar S.E. 2002. WNT signals are required for the initiation of hair follicle development. Develop. Cell, 2: 643-653. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1534-5807(02)00167-3Antonini D., Russo MT., De Rosa L., Gorrese M., Del Vecchio L., Missero C. 2010. Transcriptional repression of miR-34 family contributes to p63-mediated cell cycle progression in epidermal cells. J. Invest. Dermatol., 130: 1249-1257. https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2009.438Athar M., Tang X., Lee J.L., Kopelovich L., Kim AL. 2006. Hedgehog signalling in skin development and cancer. Exp. Dermatol., 15: 667-677. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0625.2006.00473.xBartel D.P. 2004. MicroRNAs: genomics, biogenesis, mechanism, and function. Cell, 116: 281-297.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(04)00045-5Bashirullah A., Pasquinelli A.E., Kiger A.A., Perrimon N., Ruvkun G., Thummel C.S. 2003. Coordinate regulation of small temporal RNAs at the onset of Drosophila metamorphosis. Dev. Biol., 259: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-1606(03)00063-0Bommer GT., Gerin I., Feng Y., Kaczorowski AJ., Kuick R., Love RE., Zhai Y., Giordano TJ., Qin ZS., Moore BB. 2007. p53-mediated activation of miRNA34 candidate tumor-suppressor genes. Curr. Biol., 17: 1298-1307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2007.06.068Braun C.J., Zhang X., Savelyeva I., Wolff S., Moll U.M., Schepeler T., Ørntoft T.F., Andersen C.L., Dobbelstein M. 2008. p53-Responsive micrornas 192 and 215 are capable of inducing cell cycle arrest. Cancer Res., 68: 10094-10104.https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-1569Callis T.E., Chen J.F., Wang D.Z. 2007. MicroRNAs in skeletal and cardiac muscle development. Dna Cell Biol., 26: 219-225. https://doi.org/10.1089/dna.2006.0556Caramuta S., Egyházi S., Rodolfo M., Witten D., Hansson J., Larsson C., Lui W.O. 2010. MicroRNA expression profiles associated with mutational status and survival in malignant melanoma. J. Invest. Dermatol., 130: 2062-2070. https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2010.63Chen C.H., Sakai Y., Demay M.B. 2001. Targeting expression of the human vitamin D receptor to the keratinocytes of vitamin D receptor null mice prevents alopecia. Endocrinology, 142: 5386-5386. https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.142.12.8650D'Juan T.F., Shariat N., Park C.Y., Liu H.J., Mavropoulos A., McManus M.T. 2013. Partially penetrant postnatal lethality of an epithelial specific MicroRNA in a mouse knockout. Plos One 8: e76634. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0076634DeYoung M.P., Johannessen C.M., Leong C.O., Faquin W., Rocco J.W., Ellisen L.W. 2006. Tumor-specific p73 up-regulation mediates p63 dependence in squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Res., 66: 9362-9368. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-1619Eckert R.L., Welter J.F. 1996. Transcription factor regulation of epidermal keratinocyte gene expression. Mol. Biol. Rep., 23: 59-70. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00357073Enright A.J., Bino J., Ulrike G., Thomas T., Chris S., Marks D.S. 2004. MicroRNA targets in Drosophila. Gen. Biol., 5: R1-R1. https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2003-5-1-r1Fontanesi L., Scotti E., Allain D., Dall'Olio S. 2014. A frameshift mutation in the melanophilin gene causes the dilute coat colour in rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) breeds. Anim. Genet., 45: 248-255. https://doi.org/10.1111/age.12104Fontanesi L., Vargiolu M., Scotti E., Latorre R., Pellegrini M.S.F., Mazzoni M., Asti M., Chiocchetti R., Romeo G., Clavenzani P. 2014. The KIT gene is associated with the English spotting coat color locus and congenital megacolon in Checkered Giant rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Plos One 9: e93750. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0093750Fuchs E. 2007. Scratching the surface of skin development. Nature, 445: 834-842. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05659Georges S.A., Chau B.N., Braun C.J., Zhang X., Dobbelstein M. 2009. Cell cycle arrest or apoptosis by p53: are microRNAs-192/215 and-34 making the decision? Cell Cycle 8: 677-682. https://doi.org/10.4161/cc.8.5.8076Jackson S.J., Zhang Z., Feng D., Flagg M., O'Loughlin E., Wang D., Stokes N., Fuchs E., Yi R. 2013. Rapid and widespread suppression of self-renewal by microRNA-203 during epidermal differentiation. Development, 140: 1882-1891. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.089649Katoh Y., Katoh M. 2008. Hedgehog signaling, epithelial-tomesenchymal transition and miRNA (review). Int. J. Mol. Med., 22: 271-275. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm_00000019Kim K., Vinayagam A., Perrimon N. 2014. A rapid genomewide microRNA screen identifies miR-14 as a modulator of Hedgehog signaling. Cell Rep., 7: 2066-2077. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2014.05.025Kochegarov A., Moses A., Lian W., Meyer J., Hanna M.C., Lemanski L.F. 2013. A new unique form of microRNA from human heart, microRNA-499c, promotes myofibril formation and rescues cardiac development in mutant axolotl embryos. J. Biomed. Sci., 20: 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/1423-0127-20-20Kozomara, A., Griffiths J. 2014. miRBase: annotating high confidence microRNAs using deep sequencing data. Nucleic Acids Res., 42: 68-73. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkt1181Kureel J., Dixit M., Tyagi A., Mansoori M., Srivastava K., Raghuvanshi A., Maurya R., Trivedi R., Goel A., Singh D. 2014. miR-542-3p suppresses osteoblast cell proliferation and differentiation, targets BMP-7 signaling and inhibits bone formation. Cell Death Dis., 5: e1050. https://doi.org/10.1038/cddis.2014.4Langmead B., Salzberg S.L. 2012. Fast gapped-read alignment with Bowtie 2. Nat. Methods, 9: 357-359. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.1923Lim X., Nusse R. 2013. Wnt signaling in skin development, homeostasis, and disease. CSH Perspect. Biol., 5: a008029. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a008029Liu Z., Xiao H., Li H., Zhao Y., Lai S., Yu X., Cai T., Du C., Zhang W., Li J. 2012. Identification of conserved and novel microRNAs in cashmere goat skin by deep sequencing. Plos One 7: e50001. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0050001Mardaryev A.N., Ahmed M.I., Vlahov N.V., Fessing M.Y., Gill J.H., Sharov A.A., Botchkareva N.V. 2010. Micro-RNA-31 controls hair cycle-associated changes in gene expression programs of the skin and hair follicle. FASEB J. 24: 3869-3881. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.10-160663Mills A.A., Zheng B., Wang X.J., Vogel H., Roop D.R., Bradley A. 1999. p63 is a p53 homologue required for limb and epidermal morphogenesis. Nature, 398: 708-713. https://doi.org/10.1038/19531Mueller D.W., Rehli M., Bosserhoff A.K. 2009. miRNA expression profiling in melanocytes and melanoma cell lines reveals miRNAs associated with formation and progression of malignant melanoma. J. Invest. Dermatol., 129: 1740-1751. https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2008.452Naeem H., Küffner R., Csaba G., Zimmer R. 2010. miRSel: Automated extraction of associations between microRNAs and genes from the biomedical literature. Bmc Bioinformatics, 11: 135. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-11-135Neilson J.R., Zheng G.X., Burge CB., Sharp P.A. 2007. Dynamic regulation of miRNA expression in ordered stages of cellular development. Gene. Dev., 21: 578-589. https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.1522907Oda Y., Ishikawa M.H., Hawker N.P., Yun Q.C., Bikle D.D. 2007. Differential role of two VDR coactivators, DRIP205 and SRC-3, in keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. J. Steroid Biochem., 103: 776-780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2006.12.069Pan L., Liu Y., Wei Q., Xiao C., Ji Q., Bao G., Wu X. 2015. Solexa-Sequencing Based Transcriptome Study of Plaice Skin Phenotype in Rex Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Plos One: 10. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0124583Rosenfield R.L., Deplewski D., Greene M.E. 2001. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and skin development. Horm. Res. Paediat., 54: 269-274. https://doi.org/10.1159/000053270Schneider M.R. 2012. MicroRNAs as novel players in skin development, homeostasis and disease. Brit. J. Dermatol., 166: 22-28. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10568.xSenoo M., Pinto F., Crum C.P., McKeon F. 2007. p63 Is essential for the proliferative potential of stem cells in stratified epithelia. Cell, 129: 523-536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2007.02.045Song B., Wang Y., Kudo K., Gavin E.J., Xi Y., Ju J. 2008. miR-192 Regulates dihydrofolate reductase and cellular proliferation through the p53-microRNA circuit. Clin. Cancer Res., 14: 8080-8086. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-1422Suh K.S., Mutoh M., Mutoh T., Li L., Ryscavage A., Crutchley J.M., Dumont R.A., Cheng C., Yuspa S.H. 2007. CLIC4 mediates and is required for Ca2+-induced keratinocyte differentiation. J. Cell Sci., 120: 2631-2640. https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.002741Tao Y. 2010. Studies on the quality of rex rabbit fur. World Rabbit Sci., 2: 21-24. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.1994.213Tian X., Jiang J., Fan R., Wang H., Meng X., He X., He J., Li H., Geng J., Yu X. 2012. Identification and characterization of microRNAs in white and brown alpaca skin. BMC genomics 13: 1.https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-13-555Vadlakonda L., Pasupuleti M., Pallu R. 2014. Role of PI3K-AKTmTOR and Wnt signaling pathways in transition of G1-S phase of cell cycle in cancer cells. Front. Oncol., 3: 85. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2013.00085van Amerongen R., Fuerer C., Mizutani M., Nusse R. 2012. Wnt5a can both activate and repress Wnt/β-catenin signaling during mouse embryonic development. Dev. Biol., 369: 101-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.06.020Vousden K.H., Lane D.P. 2007. p53 in health and disease. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol., 8: 275-283. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm2147Wang P., Li Y., Hong W., Zhen J., Ren J., Li Z., Xu A. 2012. The changes of microRNA expression profiles and tyrosinase related proteins in MITF knocked down melanocytes. Mol. BioSyst., 8: 2924-2931. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2mb25228gWhelan J.T., Hollis S.E., Cha D.S., Asch A.S., Lee M.H. 2012. Post‐transcriptional regulation of the Ras‐ERK/MAPK signaling pathway. J. Cell Physiol., 227: 1235-1241. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.22899Xia H., Ooi L.L.P.J., Hui K.M. 2013. MicroRNA-216a/217-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition targets PTEN and SMAD7 to promote drug resistance and recurrence of liver cancer. Hepatology, 58: 629-641. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.26369Yang A., Schweitzer R., Sun D., Kaghad M., Walker N., Bronson R.T., Tabin C., Sharpe A., Caput D., Crum C. 1999. p63 is essential for regenerative proliferation in limb, craniofacial and epithelial development. Nature, 398: 714-718. https://doi.org/10.1038/19539Yu J., Peng H., Ruan Q., Fatima A., Getsios S., Lavker R.M. 2010. MicroRNA-205 promotes keratinocyte migration via the lipid phosphatase SHIP2. FASEB J. 24: 3950-3959. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.10-157404Yu J., Ryan D.G., Getsios S., Oliveira-Fernandes M., Fatima A., Lavker R.M. 2008. MicroRNA-184 antagonizes microRNA-205 to maintain SHIP2 levels in epithelia. In Proc.: National Academy of Sciences 105: 19300-19305. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0803992105Zhang L., Nie Q., Su Y., Xie X., Luo W., Jia X., Zhang X. 2013. MicroRNA profile analysis on duck feather follicle and skin with high-throughput sequencing technology. Gene, 519: 77-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2013.01.043Zhao Y., Wang P., Meng J., Ji Y., Xu D., Chen T., Fan R., Yu X., Yao J., Dong C. 2015. MicroRNA-27a-3p Inhibits Melanogenesis in Mouse Skin Melanocytes by Targeting Wnt3a. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 16: 10921-10933. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms16051092

Characterisation and functional analysis of the WIF1 gene and its role in hair follicle growth and development of the Angora rabbit

[EN] Growth and development of hair follicles (HF) is a complex and dynamic process in most mammals. As HF growth and development regulate rabbit wool yield, exploring the role of genes involved in HF growth and development may be relevant. In this study, the coding sequence of the Angora rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) WIF1 gene was cloned. The length of the coding region sequence was found to be 1140 bp, which encodes 379 amino acids. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the WIF1 protein was unstable, hydrophilic and located in the extracellular region, contained a putative signal peptide and exhibited a high homology in different mammals. Moreover, WIF1 was significantly downregulated in the high wool production in the Angora rabbit group. Overexpression and knockdown studies revealed that WIF1 regulates HF growth and development-related genes and proteins, such as LEF1 and CCND1. WIF1 activated β-catenin/TCF transcriptional activity, promoted cell apoptosis and inhibited cellular proliferation. These results indicate that WIF1 might be important for HF development. This study, therefore, provides a theoretical foundation for investigating WIF1 in HF growth and development.This research was funded by This research was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 32102529), China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-43-A-1).Zhao, B.; Li, J.; Zhang, X.; Bao, Z.; Chen, Y.; Wu, X. (2022). Characterisation and functional analysis of the WIF1 gene and its role in hair follicle growth and development of the Angora rabbit. World Rabbit Science. 30(3):209-218. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2022.1735320921830

General synthesis of porous mixed metal oxide hollow spheres with enhanced supercapacitive properties

Porous mixed metal oxide (MMO) hollow spheres present high specific surface areas, abundant electrochemically active sites, and outstanding electrochemical properties, showing potential applications in energy storage. A hydro/solvothermal process, followed by a calcination process, can be a viable method for producing uniform porous metal oxide hollow spheres. Unfortunately, this method usually involves harsh synthetic conditions such as high temperature and intricate processing. Herein, we report a general and facile ion adsorption-annealing approach for the fabrication of uniform porous MMO hollow spheres. The size and shell thickness of the as-obtained hollow spheres can be adjusted by the carbohydrate sphere templates and the solution concentration. Electrochemical measurements of the MMO hollow spheres demonstrate excellent supercapacitive properties, which may be due to the small size, ultrathin shells, and fine porous structure

Effect of mangrove restoration on crab burrow density in Luoyangjiang Estuary, China

Background Mangrove restoration seeks to restore or rebuild degraded mangrove systems. The methods of mangrove restoration include ecological projects and restoration-oriented technologies, the latter of which are designed to restore the structure, processes as well as related physical, chemical and biological characteristics of wetlands and to ensure the provision of ecosystem services. As important components of mangrove ecosystem, benthic organisms and crabs play a key role in nutrient cycling. In addition, mangrove restoration, such as vegetation restoration measures, can lead to changes in the benthic faunal communities. This study investigates whether the presence of different mangrove species, age and canopy cover of mangrove communities affect the density of crab burrows. Methods The Luoyangjiang Estuary, in the southeast of Fujian Province, was selected as our research area. A survey, covering 14 sites, was conducted to investigate the impacts of mangrove restoration on the density of crab burrows in four rehabilitated forests with different stand ages and canopy. Results It was found that differences in vegetation types had a large impact on crab density and that the density of crab burrows was lower on exposed beaches (non-mangrove) than under mature Kandelia candel, Aegiceras corniculatum and Avicennia marina communities. In general, the amount of leaf litter and debris on mangrove mudflats was greater than on the beaches as food sources for crabs. Two-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows that changes in mangrove species and age since restoration had different effects on crab burrow density. The effect of canopy cover was highly significant on crab burrow density. Conclusions The results suggest that in the process of mangrove restoration the combined effects of mangrove stand age, canopy cover and other factors should be taken into account. This study further supports the findings of the future scientific research and practice on mangrove restoration and management measures